Oil injector



. Juiy 8 1924. 11,50,702

P. EIDUCK OIL INJECTOR Filed July 2. 1923 N VE N TOR. PETE E/DUCK.

g m b W mzw A T TORNEYS.

Patented July 8, 1924.

renta- PETER EIIDUQK, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA OIL INJECTOR.

Application filed July 2,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER EIDUoK, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city and county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new "and useful Improvements in Oil Injectors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to fuel injectors for engines, burners,- etc., and has for its object to provide an injector for use with a variable stroke pump, which injector will act effectively to atomize heavy oils under variable loads permittin a minute quantity of oil to be injected w en the engine is idling and larger quantities to be injected when the load increases.

The present injector includes telescopic members which are pressed apart by a spring, one member forming a check valve and the other forming a combined regulating valve and spray nozzle. Under light loads this regulating valve remains seated allowing only a small quantity of fuel to pass through tangential or spiral grooves. The stem of this regulating valve, however, is provided with opposed shoulders, one of greater area than the other, so that when the pressure of fuel increases the regulating valve will be unseated to allow 'a greater quantity of fuel to pass through. The invention includes other features, as will be apparent from a further understanding of the device.

One form which my invention may assume is exemplified in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 shows asectional view of a cylinder head-provided with an injector embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the injector.

Fig. 3 shows a cross section of the same.

Fig. 4 shows a side elevation of the check valve. I

Fig. 5 shows a side elevation of a combined regulating valve and spray nozzle.

Fig. 6 shows an end view of the regulating valve and spray nozzle.

While the present injector is applicable to 1923. Serial No. 649,049.

Diesel and semi-Diesel engines and to oil burners of various types, I show it applied to an oil engine of the explosive type. By way of example, I show a cylinder head 8 provided with a suitable ignition device 9. The fuel injector comprises a casing 10 adapted to be screwed into the cylinder head and to be connected at its outer end to a variable stroke pump, not shown. The inner end of the injector is fitted with a screwthreaded cap formed with a small central passageway 12 leading from a valve seat 13. The casing within is formed with a valve seat 14 near its middle portion and cooperating therewith is a check valve 15 formed with a hollow stem 16 having its outer circumference non-circular so as to afford a passageway for the fuel between it and the surroundin casing. Within this stem is a second hol ow stem 17 which carries at its outer end a regulating valve 18 co.- operating with the seat 13. Within the hollow stems 16 and 17 and pressing outwardly thereon is a helical spring 19.

The stem 17 adjacent the valve 18 has a head portion 20 fitting closely within the neck of the cap 11, and this head is provided with spiral grooves 21 which act to set the oil in whirling motion. The face of the valve 18 is provided with grooves 22 which are arranged tangentially of the discharge passageway 12. Thereby fuel is allowed to pass the valve when the latter is seated and it is given a whirling motion as it enters the passageway 12, due to these spiral and tangential grooves 21 and 22. The body portion of the stem 17, which fits slidably within the stem 16, is of larger exterior diameter than the head portion 20 and between the head and body portions is a neck portion 23, leaving a shoulder 24 adjacent the head and a shoulder 25 adjacent the body portion, the latter being of greater area than the former.

In the operation of the injector, when a charge of fuelis pumped into the casing, the check valve is unseated, allowing the fuel to pass along the exterior of the stem 16 around the neck 23 and through the spiral grooves 21, and thence through the tangential grooves 22 and out through the passageway 12 in the form of a fine spray. When the engine is idling or running under alight load, the regulating valve 18' will remain seated under the pressure of the spring 19 and oil will pass through the spiral and tangential grooves in a small quantity but sufficient to permit the engine to operate. When, however, the engine is under a heavy load and pressure of the fuel increases, due to a change in the stroke of the pump, the increased pressure of oil will act to unseat the regulating valve. This is so for the reason that the area of the shoulder 25 is sufficiently, greater than the area of the shoulder 24 to overcome the pressure of the spring 19.

Some oil may escape inside of the hollow stems 16 and 17, and, therefore, I provide a small opening 24 in the regulating valve 18 so as to eject the fuel from within said hollow stems. is preferably provided with grooves 25 so as to form a seal which will assist in preventing passage of oil into the interior of the hollow stems. The stem 16 is spaced a slight distance from the neck of the cap 11 and will contact therewith when opened a considerable distance, which contact will act to limit the degree of opening of the check valve. However, to prevent stoppage of the passageway for the fuel I provide grooves or depressions 26, either in the end of the stem 16 or in the end ofthe cap 11, so that fuel may pass freely between these parts when they are in contact.

It will be understood that various changes in the construction and arrangement of the several parts herein shown and described may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention as disclosed in the appended claims. For instance, the spiral grooves 21 may be of any desired depth and of any desired pitch, as may also the tangential grooves 22. I prefer, however, to-

make the valve 18 of comparatively small size so as to reduce the length'of the tangential grooves 22 and thereby the friction created when the fuel is passing therethrough.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is valve on the outer end of each sleeve, a seat for one of said valves adjacent the discharge orifice, a seat for the other valve within the casing, and spring means within said sleeves for pressing them apart to cause the valves to be seated, the valve adjacent the discharge orifice forminga regulating valve and the other valve forming a check valve.

The exterior of the stem 17.

2. A fuel injector comprising a casing having a fuel inlet at one end and a small opening at the opposite end for the discharge of fuel, telescopic sleeves in said casing, a

valve on the outer end-of each sleeve, a seat for one of said valves adjacent the discharge orifice, a seat for the other valve within the casing, spring means within said sleeves for Y pressing them apart to cause the valves to be seated, the valve adjacent the discharge orifice forming a regulating valvevand the other valve forming a check valve, and grooves on the regulating valve arranged tangentially'of the discharge orifice for imparting a whirling motion to the fuel and permitting passage of fuel when the valve is fice forming a regulating valve and the other valve forming a check valve, grooves on the regulating valve arranged tangentially of the discharge orifice for imparting a whirling motion to the fuel and permitting passage of fuel when the valve is seated, thesleeve on which the re ulating valve is carried being formed with opposed shoulders of unequal areas whereby an increase in the pressure of fuel will act to unseat the valve against the pressure of the spring.

4:. A fuel injector comprising a casin having a fuel inletat one end and a sma opening at the opposite end for the discharge .of fuel, telescopic sleeves in said casing, a.

.valve on the outer end of each sleeve, a seat for one of said valves adjacent the discharge orifice, a 'seat for the other valve within the casing, spring means within said sleeves for pressing them apart to cause the valves to be seated, the valve adjacent the discharge orifice forming a regulating valve and the other valve forming a check valve, grooves on the regulating valve arranged tangentially of the discharge orifice for imparting a whirling .motion to the fuel and permitting passage of fuel when the valve is seated,and a centrally arranged passageway in the regulatin valve leading from the interior of the s eeve to permit ejection of any fuel contained within the sleeves.

5. A fuel injector 1 comprising a casin having a fuel inlet at one end and a sma opening at the opposite end for the discharge of fuel, telescopic sleeves in said casing, a valve on theouter end of each sleeve, a seat for one of said valves adjacent the discharge orifice, a seat for the other valve within the casing, spring means within said sleeves for pressing them apart to cause the valves to be seated, the valve adjacent the discharge orifice forming a regulating valve andthe other 5 valve forming a check valve, grooves on the regulating valve arranged tangential] of the discharge orifice for imparting a w M- ing motion to the fuel and permitting passage of fuel when the valve is seated, and grooves arranged on the innermost sleeve to form an oil seal between the telescopic sleeves for the purpose of preventing passage of fuel between the same.

PETER EIDUCK. 

